11A10.50 - The Physics of Sports

Code Number:
11A10.50
Demo Title:
The Physics of Sports
Condition:
Good
Principle:
Physiology
Area of Study:
Physiology, Biology
Equipment:
Stop Watches and Meter tapes.
Procedure:

Sports and the Human Body Examples, Equipment, and Websites.

References:

"General"

  • Elliot Mylott, Justin Dunlap, Lester Lampert, and Ralf Widenhorn, "Kinesthetic Activities for the Classroom", TPT, Vol. 52, #9, Dec. 2014, p. 525.
  • Don Ellis, "Practical Physics", TPT, Vol. 42, #6, Sept. 2004,  p. 324.
  • John Eric Goff, "A Fun General Education Physics Course: Physics of Sports", TPT, Vol. 42, #5, May 2004, p. 280.
  • Ole Anton Haugland, "Physics Measurements for Sports", TPT, Vol. 39, #6, Sept. 2001, p. 350.
  • Priscilla Laws and Hans Pfister, "Using Digital Video Analysis in Introductory Mechanics Projects", TPT, Vol. 36, #5, May 1998, p. 282.
  • Walter C. Connolly, "The Physics of Sport Activities", TPT, Vol. 16, #6, Sept. 1978, p. 392.
  • Angelo Armenti, Jr., "Physics and Sport: A New Course for Non-Science Majors", TPT, Vol. 12, #6, Sept. 1974, p. 349.
  • Cliff Frohlich, "Resource Letter PS-2: Physics of Sports", AJP, Vol. 79, #6, June 2011, p. 565.
  • Daniel J. Graham, David V. Schacht, "Simple Estimate of the Human Metabolic Rate", AJP, Vol. 69, #6, June 2001, p. 723.
  • Rod Cross, "The Trajectory of a Ball in Lawn Bowls", AJP, Vol. 66, #8, Aug. 1998, p. 735.
  • Cliff Frohlich, "Resource Letter PS-1: Physics of Sports", AJP, Vol. 54, #7, July 1986, p. 590.
  • Cliff Frohlich, "Do Springboard Divers Violate Angular Momentum Conservation?", AJP, Vol. 47, #7, July 1979, p. 583.
  • Herbert Lin, "Newtonian Mechanics and the Human Body: Some Estimates of Performance", AJP, Vol. 46, #1, Jan. 1978, p. 15.
  • Gary Williams, "Exercising Your Mind: Discover The Physics of Sport On The Web", Physics Education, Vol. 39, #4, July 2004, p. 356.
  • 50 Fun Experiments for the Mad Scientist in You, "Righty Lefty", National Geographic Kids, p. 52.
  • Charles Vivian, "On the Smoke Trail", Science Experiments & Amusements For Children, p. 94.
  • Charles Vivian, "Rust Uses Up Oxygen", Science Experiments & Amusements For Children, p. 66.

"Archery" 

  • Rod Cross, "Why Bows Get Stiffer And Racquets Get Softer When The Strings Are Added", AJP, Vol. 69, #8, Aug. 2001, p. 907.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.131, Archer's Paradox", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 65.

"Ballet"

  • Jearl Walker, "1.100, Ballet", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 50.
  • Robert Kunzig, "The Physics of Ballet", Physical Sciences, Spring 2001, p. 190.

"Baseball"

  • Jeffrey Marx, "The Optimal Throwing Angle for a "Soft" Toss", TPT, Vol. 61, #1, Jan. 2023, p. 4
  • Kasey Wagoner and Daniel Flanagan, "Baseball Physics: A New Mechanics Lab", TPT, Vol. 56, #5, May 2018, p. 290.
  • David J. Starling and Sarah J. Starling, "Tie Goes to the Runner: The Physics and Psychology of a Close Play", TPT, Vol. 55, #4, Apr. 2017, p. 200.
  • David Kagan and Alan M. Nathan, "Statcast and the Baseball Trajectory Calculator", TPT, Vol. 55, #3, Mar. 2017, p. 134.
  • David Kagan and Alan M. Nathan, "Simplified Models for the Drag Coefficient of a Pitched Baseball", TPT, Vol. 52, #5, May 2014, p. 278.
  • David Kagan, "Stolen Base Physics", TPT, Vol. 51, #5, May 2013, p. 269.
  • Brian C. Thomas and Matthew Quick, "Getting the Swing of Surface Gravity", TPT, Vol. 50, #4, Apr. 2012, p. 232.
  • David Kagan, "Demonstration of the 'Trampoline Effect' in Aluminum Bats", TPT, Vol. 49, #6, Sept. 2011, p. 398.
  • David Kagan, "What is the Best Launch Angle To Hit a Home Run?", TPT, Vol. 48, #4, Apr. 2010, p. 250.
  • David Kagan, "The Anatomy of a Pitch: Doing Physics with PITCHf/x Data", TPT, Vol. 47, #7, Oct. 2009, p. 412.
  • David Kagan and David Atkinson, "The Coefficient of Restitution of Baseballs as a Function of Relative Humidity", TPT, Vol. 42, #6, Sept. 2004, p. 330.
  • Herbert Ringel, "Graphing Henry Aaron's Home-Run Output", TPT, Vol. 40, #4, Apr. 2002, p. 251.
  • Arthur Eisenkraft, "The Softball Trajectory: An Outdoor Lab", TPT, Vol. 23, #5, May. 1985, p. 300.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "Trajectory of a Fly Ball", TPT, Vol. 23, #1, Jan. 1985, p. 20.
  • H. L. Armstrong, "Comments on the Flight of Baseball", TPT, Vol. 6, #8, Nov. 1968, p. 433.
  • J. D. Patterson, "Home Run Hitting", TPT, Vol. 5, #4, Apr. 1967, p. 157.
  • Rod Cross, "Aerodynamics in the Classroom and at the Ball Park", AJP, Vol. 80, #4, Apr. 2012, p. 289.
  • Alan M. Nathan, Lloyd V. Smith, Warren L. Faber, and Daniel A. Russell, "Corked Bats, Juiced Balls, and Humidors: The Physics of Cheating in Baseball", AJP, Vol. 79, #6, June 2011, p. 575.
  • Rod Cross, "Mechanics of Swinging a Bat", AJP, Vol. 77, #1, Jan. 2009, p. 36.
  • Edmund R. Meyer and John L. Bohn, "Influence of a Humidor on the Aerodynamics of Baseballs", AJP, Vol. 76, #11, Nov. 2008, p. 1015.
  • Michael K. McBeath, Alan M. Nathan, A. Terry Bahill and David G. Baldwin, "Paradoxical Pop-Ups: Why Are They Difficult to Catch?", AJP, Vol. 76, #8, Aug. 2008, p. 723.
  • Alan M. Nathan, "The Effect of Spin on the Flight of a Baseball", AJP, Vol. 76, #2, Feb. 2008, p. 119.
  • L. L. Van Zandt, "The Dynamical Theory of the Baseball Bat", AJP, Vol. 60, #2, Feb. 1992, p. 172. 
  • R. G. Tobin, "On the Potential of a Chemical Bonds: Possible Effects of Steroids on Home Run Production in Baseball", AJP, Vol. 46, #1, Jan. 2008, p. 15.
  • Robert Weaver, "Comment on 'Aerodynamics of a Knuckleball'", AJP, Vol. 44, #12, Dec. 1976, p. 1215.
  • Rod Cross and Alan M. Nathan, "Scattering of a Baseball by a Bat", AJP, Vol. 74, #10, Oct. 2006, p. 896.
  • G. S. Sawicki, M. Hubbard, and W. J. Stronge, "Erratum: Reply to Comment on 'How to Hit Home Runs: Optimum Baseball Swing Parameters for Maximum Range Trajectories,' by Gregory S. Sawicki, Mont Hubbard, and William J. Stronge [Am. J. Phys. 71 (11), 1152–1162 (2003)]", AJP, Vol. 73, #4, Apr. 2005, p. 365.
  • Rod Cross, "A Double Pendulum Swing Experiment: In Search of a Better Bat", AJP, Vol. 73, #4, Apr. 2005, p. 330.
  • G. S. Sawicki, M. Hubbard, and W. J. Stronge, "Reply to Comment on 'How to Hit Home Runs: Optimum Baseball Bat Swing Parameters for Maximum Range Trajectories,' by Gregory S. Sawicki, Mont Hubbard, and William J. Stronge [Am. J. Phys. 71 (11), 1152–1162 (2003)]", AJP, Vol. 73, #2, Feb. 2005, p. 185.
  • Robert K. Adair, "Comment on 'How to Hit Home Runs: Optimum Baseball Bat Swing Parameters for Maximum Range Trajectories,' by Gregory S. Sawicki, Mont Hubbard, and William J. Stronge [Am. J. Phys. 71 (11), 1152–1162 (2003)]", AJP, Vol. 73, #2, Feb. 2005, p. 184.
  • Rod Cross, "Center of Percussion of Hand-Held Implements", AJP, Vol. 72, #5, May 2004, p. 622.
  • Rod Cross, "Physics of Overarm Throwing", AJP, Vol. 72, #3, Mar. 2004, p. 305.
  • Gregory S. Sawicki, Mont Hubbard, and William J. Stronge, "How to Hit Home Runs: Optimum Baseball Bat Swing Parameters for Maximum Range Trajectories", AJP, Vol. 71, #11, Nov. 2003, p. 1152.
  • Alan M. Nathan, "Characterizing the Performance of Baseballs Bats", AJP, Vol. 71, #2, Feb. 2003, p. 134.
  • Rod Cross, "Response to “Comment on ‘The Sweet Spot of a Baseball Bat’ ” [Am. J. Phys. 69 (2), 229–230 (2001)]", AJP, Vol. 69, #2, Feb. 2001, p. 231.
  • Robert K. Adair, "Comment on “The Sweet Spot of a Baseball Bat,” by Rod Cross [Am. J. Phys. 66 (9), 772–779 (1998)]", AJP, Vol. 69, #2, Feb. 2001, p. 229.
  • Alan M. Nathan, "Dynamics of the Baseball-Bat Collision", AJP, Vol. 68, #11, Nov. 2000, p. 979.
  • Rod Cross, "Impact of a Ball with a Bat or Racket", AJP, Vol. 67, #8, Aug. 1999, p. 692.
  • Robert G. Watts and Steven Baroni, "Baseball-Bat Collisions and the Resulting Trajectories of Spinning Balls", AJP, Vol. 57, #1, Jan. 1989, p. 40.
  • Robert G. Watts and Ricardo Ferrer, "The Lateral Force on a Spinning Sphere: Aerodynamics of a Curveball", AJP, Vol. 55, #1, Jan. 1987, p. 40.
  • A. F. Rex, "The Effect of Spin on the Flight of Batted Baseballs", AJP, Vol. 53, #11, Nov. 1985, p. 1073.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "Looking into Chapman's Homer: The Physics of Judging a Fly Ball", AJP, Vol. 53, #9, Sep. 1985, p. 849.
  • Cliff Frohlich, "Comments on 'Is a Baseball a Sand-Roughened Sphere?'", AJP, Vol. 53, #6, June 1985, p. 583.
  • Herman Erlichson, "Is a Baseball a Sand-Roughened Sphere?", AJP, Vol. 53, #6, June 1985, p. 582.
  • Cliff Frohlich, "Aerodynamic Drag Crisis and its Possible Effect on the Flight of Baseballs", AJP, Vol. 52, #4, Apr. 1984, p. 325.
  • Robert G. Watts and Eric Sawyer, "Aerodynamics of a Knuckleball", AJP, Vol. 43, #11, Nov. 1975, p. 960.
  • Paul Kirkpatrick, "Batting the Ball", AJP, Vol. 31, #8, Aug. 1963, p. 606.
  • Lyman J. Briggs, "Effect of Spin and Speed on the Lateral Deflection (Curve) of a Baseball; and the Magnus Effect for Smooth Spheres", AJP, Vol. 27, #8, Nov. 1959, p. 589.
  • Robert K. Adair, "The Physics of Baseball", Physics Today, Vol. 48, #5, May 1995, p. 26.
  • Seville Chapman, "Catching a Baseball", AJP, Vol. 36, #10, Oct. 1968, p. 868.
  • Cameron Johnson, "How Your World Works: A Crash Course in Baseball Sabermetrics", Popular Mechanics, Vol. 193, #4, Apr. 2016, p. 14.
  • "The New Way to Watch Baseball", Popular Mechanics, Vol. 192, #10, Nov. 2015, p. 86.
  • Matt Goulet, "How a Major League-Worthy Louisville Slugger Gets Made", Popular Mechanics, Vol. 192, #8, July/Aug. 2015, p. 54.
  • Popular Mechanics Editors, "The Secret to Throwing a Curveball, With Indians Pitcher Corey Kluber", Popular Mechanics, Vol. 192, #4, Apr. 2015, p. 67.
  • Wayne Coffey, "Anatomy of a Knuckleball", Popular Mechanics, Vol. 190, #5, May 2013, p. 78.
  • Harry Sawyers, "The Bats, Gloves, & Gadgets for Baseball Season", Popular Mechanics, Vol. 189, #6, May 2012, p. 25.
  • Davin Coburn, "Baseball Physics: Anatomy of a Home Run", Popular Mechanics, Vol. 186, #6, June 2007, p. 100.
  • Matt Goulet, "A Beautiful Things", Popular Mechanics, p. 55.
  • "How An Axe-Handle Bat Is Going To Take Over Baseball", Popular Science, Vol. 288, #6, Nov/Dec. 2016, p. 62. 
  • Jenn Stroud Rossmann, "A Better Baseball", Popular Science, Vol. 287, #6, June 2015, p. 8.
  • Junnie Kwon, "How It Works: The NCAA's New Flat-Seamed Baseball", Popular Science, Vol. 287, #4, Apr. 2015, p. 41.
  • Jearl Walker, "2.16, Baseball Aerodynamics", The Flying Circus of Physics, Ed. 2, p. 89.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.23, Hitting a Baseball", The Flying Circus of Physics, Ed. 2, p. 10 - 12.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "How Do You Throw A Curve Ball?", 1987-88 Cenco Catalog.

"Basketball"

  • Paul Hewitt, "Figuring Physics", TPT, Vol. 53, #1, Jan. 2015, p. 2015.
  • Peter J. Brancazio and Howard Brody, "How Much Air is in a Basketball?", AJP, Vol. 55, #3, Mar. 1987, p. 276.
  • A. Tan, "The Moment of Inertia of a Basketball", AJP, Vol. 53, #9, Sep. 1985, p. 811.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "Comments on 'Kinematics of the Free Throw in Basketball'", AJP, Vol. 50, #10, Oct. 1982, p. 944.
  • A. Tan, K. Taylor, "Reply to 'Comments on 'Kinematics of the Free Throw in Basketball'", AJP, Vol. 50, #10, Oct. 1982, p. 945.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "Erratum: "Physics of Basketball"", AJP, Vol. 50, #6, June 1982, p. 567.
  • A. Tan and G. Miller, "Kinematics of the Free Throw in Basketball", AJP, Vol. 49, #6, June 1981, p. 542.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "Physics of Basketball", AJP, Vol. 49, #4, Apr. 1981, p. 356.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "Physics of Basketball", AJP, 1980, Physics of Sports Selected Reprints, American Association of Physics Teachers, 2006.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.35, Hang Time in Basketball and Ballet", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 16.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.34, Records in Free Throws", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 16.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.33, Basketball Shots", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 15.
  • "How it Works: The Jump Shot", Popular Science, August 2008, p. 64.
  • Peter J.Brancazio, "Why Do Good Jumpers Seem to Hang in the Air?", 1990 Cenco Catalog.

"Bicycles"

  • Paul Janssen, Ewald Janssens, "Bicycle Freewheeling with Air Drag as a Physics Experiment", TPT, Vol. 53, #1, Jan. 2015, p. 25.
  • Randy Knight, "The Bicyclist's Paradox", TPT, Vol. 46, #5, May 2008, p. 275. 
  • William M. Wehrbein, "Wheelies and Headers, or How to Keep Both Bicycle Wheels on the Ground", TPT, Vol. 42, #1, Jan. 2004, p. 27.
  • William M. Wehrbein, "Collecting and Recording Bicycle Speed Data by CBL", TPT, Vol. 41, #4, Apr. 2003, p. 243.
  • Manfred Euler, Gert Braune, and Soenke Schaal, "Collecting Kinematics Data Over Long Time Intervals", TPT, Vol.  38, #7, Oct. 2000, p. 434.
  • Chris Waltham, "Power Requirements for Rollerblading and Bicycling", TPT, Vol. 37, #6, Sept. 1999, p. 379.
  • Gilbert H. Ward, "Can a West Wind Impede a Cyclist's Northward Motion?", TPT, Vol. 37, #6, Sept. 1999, p. 352.
  • Robert G. Hunt, "Bicycles in the Physics Lab", TPT, Vol. 27, #3, Mar. 1989, p. 160.
  • J.D. Nightingale, "Which Way Will the Bike Move?", TPT, Vol. 31, #4, Apr. 1993, p. 244.
  • Gaylord T. Hageseth, "The Physics of an Exercise Bike", TPT, Vol. 26, #4, Apr. 1988, p. 226.
  • Brynjolf Dokken, "More on Bicycle Physics", H. Richard Crane, TPT, Vol. 22, #2, Feb. 1984, p. 138.
  • Thomas Greenslade, Jr., "The Author Replies", H. Richard Crane, TPT, Vol. 22, #3, Mar. 1984, p. 138.
  • Thomas B. Greenslade, Jr., "More Bicycle Physics", TPT, Vol. 21, #6, Sept. 1983, p. 360.
  • Benjamin Lee Hannas and John Eric Goff, "Model of the 2003 Tour de France", AJP, Vol. 72, #5, May 2004, p. 575.
  • J. Fajans, "Steering in Bicycles and Motorcycles",  AJP, Vol. 68, #7, July 2000, p. 654.
  • J. Lowell and H. D. McKell, "The Stability of Bicycles", AJP, Vol. 50, #12, Dec. 1982, p. 1106.
  • Daniel Kirshner, "Some Nonexplanations of Bicycle Stability", AJP, Vol. 48, #1, Jan. 1980, p. 36.
  • J.  Liesegang and A. R. Lee, "Dynamics of a Bicycle: Nongyroscopic Aspects", AJP, Vol. 46, #2, Feb. 1978, p. 130.
  • Chester R. Kyle, "Reduction of Wind Resistance and Power Output of Racing Cyclists and Runners Traveling in Groups", AJP, 1979, Physics of Sports Selected Reprints, American Association of Physics Teachers, 2006.
  • Pat Murphy, Ellen Macaulay, and the staff of the Exploratorium, Exploratopia, p. 153.
  • Mark Anders, "World's Fastest Bike", Popular Science, July 2012, p. 11.
  • Alyson Sheppard, "Balancing Act", Popular Mechanics, Aug. 2011, p. 14.
  • Ed Sobey, Woody Sobey, "Bicycle", The Way Toys Work, p. 15.
  • Diane Talbot, "Materials Make The Wheels of Bike Design Go Round", Physics Education, Vol. 39, #4, July 2004, p. 329.
  • David E.H. Jones, "The Stability of The Bicycle", Physics Today, April 1970, p. 34, and reprinted in Physics Today, Sept. 2006, p. 51.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.80, Bicycles and Motorcycles", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 41.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.81, Motorcycle Long Jumps", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 41.
  • Peter J.Brancazio, "How Do You Balance a Bicycle?", 1987- 88 Cenco Catalog.
  • Julius Sumner Miller, Q190 & A190, Millergrams II – Some More Enchanting Questions for Enquiring Minds, p. 52 & 105.

"Bobsled"

  • Jearl Walker, "1.155, Bobsled in a Curve", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 72.

"Bowling"

  • Tim Burgess, "The Physics of Bowling", TPT, Vol. 34, #5, May 1996, p. 316.
  • Cliff Frohlich, "What Makes Bowling Balls Hook?", AJP, Vol. 72, #9, Sept. 2004, p. 1170.
  • Rod Cross, "The Trajectory of a Ball in Lawn Bowls", AJP, Vol. 66, #8, Aug. 1998, p. 735.
  • Huston, Passerello and Winget, Sears, "On the Dynamics of a Weighted Bowling Ball", AJP, 1979, Physics of Sports Selected Reprints, American Association of Physics Teachers, 2006. 
  • D. C. Hopkins and J. D. Patterson, "Bowling Frames: Paths of a Bowling Ball", AJP, Vol. 45, #3, March 1977, p. 263.
  • Maude Campbell, "Bowling", Popular Mechanics, Winter 2018-19, p. 80.
  • "Bowl A Hook", Popular Mechanics, April 2015, p. 69. 

"Boxing"

  • Jearl Walker, "1.46, Boxing", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 23.

"Bull Riding"

  • Jearl Walker, "1.92, Bull Riding", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 46.

"Bungee Jumping"

  • Hubert Biezeveld, "The Bungee Jumper: A Comparison of Predicted and Measured Values", TPT, Vol. 41, #4, Apr. 2003, p. 238.
  • David Kagan and Alan Kott, "The Greater- than-g Acceleration of a Bungee Jumper", TPT, Vol. 34, #6, Sept. 1996, p. 368.
  • Paul G. Menz, "The Physics of Bungee Jumping", TPT, Vol. 31, #8, Nov. 1993, p. 483.
  • Robert J. Beichner, "Theory and Experiment", TPT, Vol. 31, #9, Dec. 1993, p. 519.
  • Paul G. Menz, "Correction", TPT, Vol. 32, #2, Nov. 1994, p. 68.
  • Paul Horton, "Elastic Experiment is Licensed to Thrill", Physics Education, Vol. 39, #4, July 2004, p. 326.

"Cricket"

  • Jearl Walker, "2.17, Cricket Aerodynamics", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 89.

"Curling"

  • K. S. Armstrong, "The Physics of Curling", TPT, Vol. 19, #7, Oct. 1971, p. 384.
  • A. Raymond Penner, "The Physics of Sliding Cylinders and Curling Rocks", AJP, Vol. 69, #3, Mar. 2001, p. 332.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.90, Curling", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 45.

"Dance"

  • Toni Feder, "Dance for Physics", Physics Today, Vol. 58, #5, May 2005, p. 34.
  • Kenneth Laws and Melanie Lott, "Resource Letter PoD-1: The Physics of Dance", AJP, Vol. 81, #1, Jan. 2013, p. 7.

"Diving"

  • Marcel Aguilella-Arzo, Andtoio Alcaraz, and Vincente M. Aguilella, "Heat Loss and Hypothermia in Free Diving: Estimation of Survival Time Under Water", AJP, Vol. 71, #4, Apr. 2003, p. 333.
  • Cliff Frohlich, "Do Springboard Divers Violate Angular Momentum Conservation?", AJP, 1979, Physics of Sports Selected Reprints, American Association of Physics Teachers, AJP, Vol. 47, #7, July 1979, p. 583.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.134, Diving from a Springboard", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 65.

"Field Hockey"

  • Jearl Walker, "1.78, A Controversial Goal", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 40.

"Firefighting"

  • Robert A. Egler, "The Physics of Firefighting",TPT, Vol. 28, #9, Dec. 1990, p. 599.

"Fishing"

  • John M. Robson, "The Physics of Fly Casting", AJP, Vol. 58, #3, Mar. 1990, p. 234.
  • S. Lingard, "Note on the Aerodynamics of a Flyline", AJP, Vol. 56, #8, Aug. 1988, p. 756.
  • Graig A. Spolek, "The Mechanics of Flycasting: The Flyline", AJP, Vol. 54, #9, Sep. 1986, p. 832.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.135, Fly Casting", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 65.

"Football"

  • Jack Blumenthal, Lauren Beljak, Dahlia-Marie Macatangay, Lilly Helmuth-Malone, Catharina McWilliams, and Sofia Raptis, "Deflategate: Time, Temperature, and Moisture Effects on Football Pressure", TPT, Vol. 54, #6, Sept. 2016, p. 340.
  • Terrence Toepker, "Let's Weigh in on 'Deflategate'", TPT, Vol. 54, #6, Sept. 2016, p. 338.
  • Gregory A. DiLisi and Richard A. Rarick, "Bouncing Back From 'Deflategate'", TPT, Vol. 53, #6, Sept. 2015, p. 341.
  • Albert A. Bartlett, "Television, Football, and Physics: Experiments in Kinematics", TPT, Vol. 43, #6, Sept. 2005, p. 393.
  • Gregory A. DiLisi and Richard Rachik, "Author's Response", TPT, Vol. 42, #2, Feb. 2004, p. 68.
  • Bernard J. Feldman, "Behind the Line of Scrimmage?", TPT, Vol. 41, #2, Feb. 2004, p. 68.
  • Gregory A. DiLisi and Richard Rachik, "Monday Night Football: Physics Decides Controversial Call", TPT, Vol. 41, #8, Nov. 2003, p. 454.
  • Norman F. Derby, Robert G. Fuller, and Thomas A. Summers, "A Football Chase on Video", TPT, Vol. 35, #6, Sept. 1997, p. 359.
  • James O'Connell, "Pursuit and Evasion Strategies in Football", TPT, Vol. 33, #8, Nov. 1995, p. 516.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "Response", TPT, Vol. 26, #4, Apr. 1988, p. 200.
  • A. Tan, "More On Kicking a Football", TPT, Vol. 26, #4, Apr. 1988, p. 200.
  • John H. Harrison Jr., "Kicking a Football: Solution II", TPT, Vol. 25, #5, May 1987, p. 264.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "Response", TPT, Vol. 25, #5, May 1987, p. 264.
  • Ray F. Euclide, "Kicking a Football: Solution I", TPT, Vol. 25, #5, May 1987, p. 263.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "Why Does a Football Keep its Axis Pointing Along Its Trajectory?", TPT, Vol. 23, #9, Dec. 1985, p. 571.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "The Physics of Kicking a Football", TPT, Vol. 23, #7, Oct. 1985, p. 403.
  • T. R. Sandin, "Getting Kicks in Physics", TPT, Vol. 23, #1, Jan. 1985, p. 6, 62.
  • Albert A. Bartlon, "Television, Football, and Physics: Experiments in Kinematics", TPT, Vol. 22, #6, Sept. 1984, p. 386.
  • Robert G. Watts and Gary Moore, "The Drag Force on an American Football", AJP, Vol. 71, #8, Aug. 2003, p. 791.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "Rigid-Body Dynamics of a Football", AJP, Vol. 55, #5, May 1987, p. 415.
  • David Cassilo, "The Helmet That Could Change Football", Popular Science, Sept. 2014, p. 15.
  • Tim Newcomb, "Anatomy of a Field Goal", Popular Mechanics, Feb. 2013, p. 62 - 63.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.112, Bullet Spin and Long Passes", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 55 - 56.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "Why Should You Spiral a Football?", 1990 Cenco Catalog.

"Gliding"

  • "Erratum", TPT, Vol. 38, #3, Mar. 2000, p. 133.
  • Kenneth W. Ford, "The Physics of Soaring",TPT, Vol. 38, #1, Jan. 2000, p. 8.

"Golf"

  • Scott K. Perry, "The Proof Is in the Putting", TPT, Vol. 40, #7, Oct. 2002, p. 411.
  • Olivier Pujol, Jose-Philippe Perez, "The Golfer's Curse Revisited with Motion Constants", AJP, Vol. 90, #9, Sept. 2022, p. 657.
  • Josue Njock Libii, "Dimples and Drag", Experimental Demonstration of the Aerodynamics of Golf Balls", AJP, Vol. 75, #8, Aug. 2007, p. 764.
  • Marco Gualtieri, Tadashi Tokieda, L. Advis-Gaete, B. Carry, E. Reffet, and Claude Guthmann, "Erratum: 'Golfer's Dilemma, AJP, Vol. 74, #6, June 2006", AJP, Vol. 74, #12, Dec. 2006, p. 1149.
  • Rod White, "On the Efficiency of the Golf Swing", AJP, Vol. 74, #12, Dec. 2006, p. 1088.
  • Marco Gualtieri, Tadashi Tokieda, L. Advis-Gaete, B. Carry, E. Reffet, and Claude Guthmann, "Golfer's Dilemma", AJP, Vol. 74, #6, June 2006, p. 497.
  • A. Raymond Penner, "The Physics Of Golf: The Convex Face Of A Driver", AJP, Vol. 69, #10, Oct. 2001, p. 1073.
  • A. Raymond Penner, "The Physics Of Golf: The Optimum Loft of a Driver", AJP, Vol. 69, #5, May 2001, p. 563.
  • William M. MacDonald and Stephen Hanzely, "The Physics of the Drive in Golf", AJP, Vol. 59, #3, Mar. 1991, p. 213.
  • Brian W. Holmes, "Putting: How a Golf Ball and Hole Interact", AJP, Vol. 59, #2, Feb. 1991, p. 129.
  • John J. McPhee and Gordon C. Andrews, "Effect of Sidespin and Wind on Projectile Trajectory, with Particular Application to Golf", AJP, Vol. 56, #10, Oct. 1988, p. 933.
  • Herman Erlichson, "Maximum Projectile Range with Drag and Lift, with Particular Application to Golf", AJP, Vol. 51, #4, Apr. 1983, p. 357.
  • Theodore Jorgensen, Jr., "On the Dynamics of the Swing of a Golf Club", AJP, Vol. 38, #5, May 1970, p. 644.
  • Rick Beyer, "The Happy Non-Hooker", The Greatest Science Stories Never Told", p. 196.
  • Rick Beyer, "Tee Time", The Greatest Science Stories Never Told", p. 116.
  • David Owen, "Golf Forever", Popular Mechanics, April 2015, p. 71.
  • Jearl Walker, "2.15, Golf-Ball Aerodynamics", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 88.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.36, Golfing", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 17.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "Why Does a Golf Ball Have Dimples?", 1990 Cenco Catalog.
  • Bearman, Harvey, "Golf Ball Aerodynamics", Royal Aeronautical Society, 1976, Physics of Sports Selected Reprints, American Association of Physics Teachers, 2006.
  • "The Dynamics of a Golf Ball", Nature, 1910, Physics of Sports Selected Reprints, American Association of Physics Teachers, 2006.

"Gymnastics"

  • Elena J. Sojourner, Adam J. Burgasser, and Eric D. Weise, "Lets Get Physical: Teaching Physics Through Gymnastics", TPT, Vol. 54, #1, Jan. 2018, p. 43.
  • Jonas Contakos, Les G. Carlton, Bruce Thompson, and Rick Suddaby, "The Physics of a Gymnastics Flight Element", TPT, Vol. 47, #6, Sept. 2009, p. 355.
  • Dr. Gordon Stables, R.N., C. Stansfeld Hicks, J. N. Maskelyne, Rev. Harry Jones, M.A, Dr. Stradling, Captain Crawley, Rev. A. N. Malan, M.A., F.G.S., and Many Others, "Chapter I - Gymnastics", The Boy's Own Book of  Indoor Games and Recreations, A Popular Encyclopaedia for Boys, p. 19.

"Handball"

  • James G. Andrews, "A Mechanical Analysis of a Special Class of Rebound Phenomena", Medicine Science is Sports and Exercise, 1983, Physics of Sports Selected Reprints, American Association of Physics Teachers, 2006.

"Hockey"

  • Rod Cross and Crawford Lindsey, The Slap Shot in Ice Hockey, TPT, Vol. 56, #1, Jan. 2018, p. 7.
  • Alain Hache, "A Cool Sport Full of Physics", TPT, Vol. 46, #7, Oct. 2008, p. 398.
  • K. Voyenli and E. Eriksen, "Response to 'Comment on "On the Motion of an Ice Hockey Puck"'", AJP, Vol. 54, #9, Sep. 1986, p. 778.
  • J. M. Daniels, "Comment on 'On the Motion of an Ice Hockey Puck'", AJP, Vol. 54, #9, Sep. 1986, p. 777.
  • K. Voyenli and E. Eriksen, "On the Motion of an Ice Hockey Puck", AJP, Vol. 53, #12, Dec. 1985, p. 1149.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.78, A Controversial Goal", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 40.
  • Editors of Portable Press, "Hockey Science", Strange Science, p. 212.

"Horse Jumping - Equestrian"

  • Art Stinner, "The Physics of Equestrian Show Jumping", TPT, Vol. 59, #4, Mar. 2014, p. 202.

"Horse Racing"

  • Graeme D. Putt, "Racetrack Physics", TPT, Vol. 39, #1, Jan. 2001, p. 40.
  • Andre Bellemans, "More Racetrack Physics", TPT, Vol. 39, #5, May 2001, p. 263.
  • Graeme D. Putt, "Response to Bellemans", TPT, Vol. 39, #5, May 2001, p. 264.

"Horseshoes"

  • Jearl Walker, "1.83, Pitching Horseshoes", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 42.

"Javelin/Spear Throwing"

  • Mark Denny, "Atlatl Internal Ballistics", TPT, Vol. 57, #2, Feb. 2019, p. 69.
  • Richard A. Baugh, "Dynamics of Spear Throwing", AJP, Vol. 71, #4, Apr. 2003, p. 345.
  • Jearl Walker, "2.127, Javelin Throw", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 137.

"Juggling"

  • Bengt Magnusson, Bruce Tiemann, "Relabel Your Diagram", TPT, Vol. 28, #3, Mar. 1990, p. 199.
  • Eric Kincanon, "Juggling and the Theorist", TPT, Vol. 28, #3, Mar. 1990, p. 221.
  • Bengt Magnusson, Bruce Tiemann, "The Physics of Juggling", TPT, Vol. 27, #8, Nov. 1989, p. 584.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.25, Juggling", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 12.
  • Dr. Gordon Stables, R.N., C. Stansfeld Hicks, J. N. Maskelyne, Rev. Harry Jones, M.A, Dr. Stradling, Captain Crawley, Rev. A. N. Malan, M.A., F.G.S., and Many Others, "Chapter IV - Juggling with Balls", The Boy's Own Book of  Indoor Games and Recreations, A Popular Encyclopaedia for Boys, p. 68.

"Jumping"

  • L. Darmendrail, A. Muller, "Standing Vertical Jumps - Sports Physics with a Smartphone", TPT, Vol. 59, #4, April 2021, p. 264.
  • O. Helene and M. T. Yamashita, "A Unified Model for the Long and High Jump", AJP, Vol. 73, #10, Oct. 2005, p. 906.
  • Andrew Rex, "Answer to Question # 58, Is a Good Long Jumper a Good High Jumper?", AJP, Vol. 69, #2, Feb. 2001, p. 104.
  • Stephen Hanzely, "Answer to Question # 58, Is a Good Long Jumper a Good High Jumper?", AJP, Vol. 69, #2, Feb. 2001, p. 105.
  • John D. Barrow, "Answer to Question # 58, Is a Good Long Jumper a Good High Jumper?", AJP, Vol. 69, #2, Feb. 2001, p. 105.
  • Nicholas P. Linthorne, "Analysis Of Standing Vertical Jumps Using a Force Platform", AJP, Vol. 69, #11, Nov. 2001, p. 1198.
  • Elmer L. Offenbacher, "Physics and the Vertical Jump", AJP, Vol. 38, #7, July 1970, p. 829.

"Karate - Martial Arts"

  • Shane Garrett Landry and Grant R. Denn, "Classroom Use of Martial Arts Exhibitions", TPT, Vol. 44, #7, Oct. 2006, p. 430.
  • George A. Amann and Floyd T. Holt, "Karate Demonstration", TPT, Vol. 23, #1, Jan. 1985, p. 40.
  • S. R. Wilk, R. E. McNair, and M. S. Feld, "The Physics of Karate", AJP, Vol. 51, #9, Sep. 1983, p. 783.
  • Haywood Blum, "Physics and the Art of Kicking and Punching", AJP, Vol. 45, #1, Jan. 1977, p. 61. 
  • Jearl D. Walker, "Karate Strikes", AJP, Vol. 43, #10, Oct. 1975, p. 845.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.111, Judo, Aikido, and Olympic Wrestling", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 55.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.45, Karate", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 22.
  • Harvard Instructional Physics Labs, "Impulse, Work, and Energy", https://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~scphys/
  • Peter J.Brancazio, "How Do Karate Experts Break Boards With Their Bare Hands?", 1990 Cenco Catalog.

"Kayak"

  • Jearl Walker, "1.89, Kayak Roll", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 45.

"Kite Flying"

  • David Kagan and Michael McGie, "Some Physics of Kite Strings", TPT, Vol. 35, #4, Apr. 1997, p. 202.

"Motocross"

  • Jeffrey R. Giles and Charles D. Ross, "The Physics of Motocross", TPT, Vol. 34, #4, Apr. 1996, p. 220.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.81, Motorcycle Long Jumps", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 41.

"Ping-Pong"

  • Chris M Graney, "Taking a Swat at Physics with a Ping-Pong Paddle", TPT, Vol. 32, #2, Feb. 1994, p. 94.
  • "Skills: Ping-Pong Spin", Popular Mechanics, Feb. 2015, p. 38.

"Push - Ups"

  • Saffar Arjmandi, Joseph G. Brinkman, and Terrence P. Toepker, "Physical Push-Ups", TPT, Vol. 41, #6, Sept. 2003, p. 323.
  • Richard Summers, "On Physical Push-Ups", TPT, Vol. 41, #8, Nov. 2003, p. 444.
  • Walter C. Connolly, "The Physics of Sport Activities", TPT, Vol. 16, #6, Sept. 1978, p. 392.

"Racquetball"

  • Jearl Walker, "1.77, Racquetball Shots", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 39.

"Rock Climbing"

  • Jearl Walker, "1.60, Rock Climbing", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 29.
  • "Roller Skates & Roller Blades".
  • Eugenia Etkina, "Physics on Rollerblades", TPT, Vol. 36, #1, Jan. 1998, p. 32.
  • Peter Siegel, "Physics on a Roll", TPT, Vol. 36, #3, Mar. 1998, p. 132.

"Rowing" 

  • John D. Barrow, "Rowing and the Same-Sum Problem Have Their Moments", AJP, Vol. 78, #7, July 2010, p. 728.
  • Eric Firing, "Synchronystic Rowing for Speed", Physics Today, Vol. 71, #4, Apr. 2018, p. 12.
  • Jean-Philippe Boucher, Romain Labbé, and Christophe Clanet, "Row Bots", Physics Today, Vol. 70, #1, June 2017, p. 82.
  • Katherine Kornei, "Robots Test the Physics of Rowing", APS News, Vol. 26, #1, Jan. 2017, p. 1.

"Rugby"

  • John Eric Golf and Trevor Davis Lipscombe, "Trying Physics: Analyzing the Motion of the Quickest Score in International Rugby", TPT, Vol. 53, #2, Feb. 2015, p. 72.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.24, Legal Passes in Rugby", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 72.

"Running"

  • Don Wilke, "Running Starts", TPT, Vol. 40, #9, Dec. 2002, p. 516.
  • Thomas B. Greenslade Jr., "Student Power",TPT, Vol. 40, #7, Oct. 2002, p. 443.
  • Michael de Villiers, "How Does the Wind Affect Road-Running Achievement?", TPT, Vol. 29, #5, May 1991, p. 286.
  • André Heck and Ton Ellermeijer, "Giving Students the Run of Sprinting Models", AJP, Vol. 77, #11, Nov. 2009, p. 1028.
  • J. Strnad, "Physics of Long-Distance Running", AJP, Vol. 53, #4, Apr. 1985, p. 371.
  • Igor Alexandrov and Philip Lucht, "Physics of Sprinting", AJP, Vol. 49, #3, Mar. 1981, p. 254.
  • R. L. Armstrong, "Relative Velocities and the Runner", AJP, Vol. 46, #9, Sept. 1978, p. 950.
  • N. Look et al, "Capturing the Chaos of Running", Physics Today, Vol. 67, #2, Feb. 2014, p. 19.
  • Chester R. Kyle, "Reduction of Wind Resistance and Power Output of Racing Cyclists and Runners Traveling in Groups", AJP, 1979, Physics of Sports Selected Reprints, American Association of Physics Teachers, 2006.
  • A. J. Ward-Smith, "A Mathematical Theory of Running, Based on the First Law of Thermodynamics, and its Application to the Performance of World-Class Athletes", Journal of Biomechanics, 1984, Physics of Sports Selected Reprints, American Association of Physics Teachers, 2006.
  • Thomas A. McHahon, Peter R. Greene, "The Influence of Track Compliance On Running", Journal of Biomechanics, 1978, Physics of Sports Selected Reprints, American Association of Physics Teachers.

"Sailing"

  • Bryon D. Anderson, "The Physics of Sailing", Physics Today, Vol. 61, #2, Feb. 2008, p. 38.
  • Caleb Plaine, "Getting Started in Sailing", Popular Mechanics, June 2018, p. 35 - 38.
  • Peter J.Brancazio, "How Does a Boat Sail into the Wind?", 1990 Cenco Catalog.

"Skateboarding"

  • Liang Zeng, Guang Zeng, Oscar Guerrero, George Garcia, "A Skateboarding Experiential Learning Activity for Introductory Physics", TPT, Vol. 60, #3, March 2022, p. 196.
  • Stewart Bridgman, Jr., and Donald F. Collins, "Human Body Motion in an Ollie", TPT, Vol. 30, #8, Nov. 1992, p. 498.
  • Brian Broadt and Chris Necochea, Stephen P. Jacobsen, "What's an Ollie?", TPT, Vol. 29, #8, Nov. 1991, p. 498.
  • William H. Robertson, "The Physics of Skateboarding: Making Science Relevant, Engaging, and Motivational", APS News, Vol. 26, #1, Jan. 2017.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.82, Skateboarding", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 42.

"Skiing & Ice Skating"

  • Krzysztof Rebilas, "Optimal Ski Jump", TPT, Vol. 51, #2, Feb. 2013, p. 108.
  • "Surface Melting and Ice Skating", TPT, Vol. 39, #4, Apr. 2001, p. 254.
  • Derek B. Swinson, "Ski Chairlift Experiments",TPT, Vol. 35, #9, Dec. 1997, p. 528.
  • Albert A. Bartlett, 0"What Happens When the Ski Lift Stops?", TPT, Vol. 35, #7, Oct. 1997, p. 444.
  • Derek B. Swinson, "Ski Chairlift Physics", TPT, Vol. 34, #8, Nov. 1996, p. 474.
  • James D. White, "The Role of Surface Melting in Ice Skating", TPT, Vol. 30, #8, Nov. 1992, p. 495.
  • Derek B. Swinson, "Physics and Skiing", TPT, Vol. 30, #8, Nov. 1992, p. 458.
  • Albert A. Bartlett, "Physics and Skiing Record", TPT, Vol. 28, #2, Feb. 1990, p. 72.
  • Phillip W. Gronseth and Marc A. Hallada, "Skiing Revisited - To Lean or Not to Lean?", TPT, Vol. 26, #9, Dec. 1988, p. 584.
  • Albert A. Bartlett, Paul Hewitt,  "Response", TPT, Vol. 26, #2, Feb. 1988, p. 72.
  • Thomas Rossing, "Why Do Skiers Lean Forward (or Backward)?", TPT, Vol. 26, #2, Feb. 1988, p. 71.
  • F. P. Gram, "More Skiers Learning Forward", TPT,  Vol. 26, #2, Feb. 1988, p. 71.
  • Paul Hickman, "Skiing in the Classroom", TPT, Vol. 25, #6, Sept. 1987, p. 353.
  • Albert A. Bartlett and Paul G. Hewitt, "Why the Ski Instructor Says, 'Lean Forward!'", TPT, Vol. 25, #1, Jan. 1987, p. 28.
  • Rob Hignell and Colin Terry, "Why Do Downhill Racers Pre-jump?", TPT, Vol. 23, #8, Nov. 1985, p. 487.
  • Richard Parker, Arthur Eisenkraft, Angelo Armenti, Jr., "How Can a Downhill Skier Move Faster Than a Sky Diver?", TPT, Vol. 22, #2, Feb. 1984, p. 109.
  • J. A. Eades, "Missing the Point", TPT, Vol. 11, #9, Dec. 1973, p. 517.
  • John I. Shonle, "The Author Replies", TPT, Vol. 11, #9, Dec. 1973, p. 517.
  • Derek B. Swinson, "Skiing and Angular Momentum: A Proposed Experiment", TPT, Vol. 11, #7, Oct. 1973, p. 415.
  • John I. Shonle and Douglas L. Nordick, "The Physics of Ski Turns", TPT, Vol. 10, #9, Dec. 1972, p. 491.
  • R. S. Catalfamo, "Dynamic Modeling of Speed Skiing", AJP, Vol. 65, #12, Dec. 1997, p. 1150.
  • S. C. Colbeck, L. Najarian, and H. B. Smith, "Sliding Temperatures of Ice Skates", AJP, Vol. 65, #6, June 1997, p. 488.
  • S. C. Colbeck, "Pressure Melting and Ice Skating", AJP, Vol. 63, #10, Oct. 1995, p. 888.
  • David B. Bahr, W. Tad Pfeffer, and Raymond C. Browning, "The Surprising Motion of Ski Moguls", Physics Today, Vol. 62, #11, Nov. 2009, p. 68.
  • Rick Beyer, "Head Case", The Greatest Science Stories Never Told, p. 158.
  • Jearl Walker, "4.34, Ice-Skating and Making a Snowball", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 191.
  • Jearl Walker, "4.33, Skiing", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 191.
  • Jearl Walker, "2.8, Speed of a Downhill Skier", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 86.
  • Jearl Walker, "2.7, Ski Jumping", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 85.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.163, Jumps During Downhill Ski Race", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 75.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.101, Skiing", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 50.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.95, Spinning Ice-Skater", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 47.
  • Peter J.Brancazio, "How do Downhill Skiers Improve Their Performance?", 1990 Cenco Catalog.

"Skydiving"

  • Glenn Wagner and Robert Wood, "Skydiver Survives Death Plunge" (and physics that helped)", TPT, Vol. 34, #8, Nov. 1996, p. 543.
  • John A. Varriano, "Energy Diagrams with Drag Forces", TPT, Vol. 34, #9, Dec. 1996, p. 546.
  • Richard Parker, Arthur Eisenkraft, Angelo Armenti, Jr., "How Can a Downhill Skier Move Faster than a Sky Diver?", TPT, Vol. 22, #2, Feb. 1984, p. 109.

"Snowboarding"

  • Derek B.Swinson, "Physics and Snowboarding",TPT, Vol. 32, #9, Dec. 1994, p. 530.
  • Michael J O'Shea, "Snowboard Jumping, Newton's Second Law and the Force on Landing", Physics Education, Vol. 39, #4, p. 335.

"Soccer"

  • Armando Vieira, "Comment on 'Kick-Off'", TPT, Vol. 44, #7, Oct. 2006, p. 406.
  • Armando Vieira, "Kick-Off", TPT, Vol. 44, #5, May 2006, p. 286.
  • Ralf Widenhorn, "Hitting the Goalpost: Calculating the Fine Line Between Winning and Losing a Penalty Shootout", TPT, Vol. 54, #7, Oct. 2016, p. 434.
  • J.E. Goff, Matt J. Carré, "Trajectory Analysis of a Soccer Ball", AJP, Vol. 77, #11, Nov. 2009, p. 1020.
  • John Eric Goff, "Power and Spin in the Beautiful Game", Physics Today, Vol. 63, #7, July 2010, p. 62.
  • Jearl Walker, "2.14, Veering a Football Around a Defensive Wall", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 88.
  • Sophia Chen, "Bend it like Bernoulli", APS News, Vol. 27, #7, July 2018, p. 2 and 4.

"Somersaults"

  • Jearl Walker, "1.98, Quadruple Somersault", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 49.

"Squash"

  • Gareth J. Lewis, J. Cris Arnold, and Iwan W. Griffiths, "The Dynamic Behavior of Squash Balls", AJP, Vol. 79, #3, Mar. 2011, p. 291.

"Stilts"

  • David J. Smith, "Friction and the Balanced Mocko Jumbie", TPT, Vol. 35, #8, Nov. 1997, p. 466.

"Surfing"

  • Ronald Edge, "Surf Physics", TPT, Vol. 39, #5, May 2001, p. 272.
  • Takeshi Sugimoto, "Mechanics of the Surf Skimmer Revisited", AJP, Vol. 71, #2, Feb. 2003, p. 144.
  • PassmoreLab, "The Physics of Surfing - Teacher's Resource Guide", Greg Passmore, 2009.
  • Jearl Walker, "2.130, Surf Skimmer", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 138.
  • Jearl Walker, "2.69, Surfing", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 110.
  • "Breaking The Waves: Uncovering the Ancient Heritage-and Religious Origins-of Surfing", The Truth about History, Readers Digest, ISBN 0-7621-0523-2.
  • Editors of Portable Press, "Surfing Science", Strange Science, p. 73.

"Swimming"

  • H. Richard Crane, "Bad Timing in Swimming Races: A Physicist to the Rescue", TPT, Vol. 37, #2, Feb. 1999, p. 90.
  • Laurette McCormick, "Application of Physics to Synchronized Swimming", TPT, Vol. 35, #4, Apr. 1997, p. 140.
  • P.L.Page, "The Mechanics of Swimming and Diving", TPT, Vol. 14, #2, Feb. 1976, p. 72.
  • A. Bellemans, "Drag Force Exerted by Water on the Human Body", AJP, Vol. 49, #4, Apr. 1981, p. 367.

"Swinging"

  • Donald G. Bruns, "Synchronized Swinging", TPT, Vol. 26, #4, Apr. 1988, p. 220.

"Tennis"

  • Dan MacIsaac, "The Dzhanibekov Effect or Tennis Racket Theorem", TPT, Vol. 53, #7, Oct. 2015, p. 447.
  • Derek Christie, "Tennis Rackets and the Parallel Axis Theorem", TPT, Vol. 52, #4, Apr. 2014, p. 208.
  • Rod Cross, "The Dual Function of Sand on a Clay Tennis Court", TPT, Vol. 39, #6, Sept. 2001, p. 330.
  • John Eng and Thomas Lietman, "Measuring the Velocity of Tennis Serve", TPT, Vol. 32, #3, Mar. 1994, p. 168.
  • Howard Brody, "The Tennis-Ball Bounce Test", TPT, Vol. 28, #6, Sept. 1990, p. 407.
  • Howard Brody, "The Moment of Inertia of a Tennis Racket", TPT, Vol. 23, #4, Apr. 1985, p. 213.
  • Howard Brody, "That's How the Ball Bounces", TPT, Vol. 22, #8, Nov. 1984, p. 494.
  • Rod Cross, "A Double Pendulum Model of Tennis Strokes", AJP, Vol. 79, #5, May 2011, p. 470.
  • Rod Cross, "Bounce of a Spinning Ball Near Normal Incidence", AJP, Vol. 73, #10, Oct. 2005, p. 914.
  • Rod Cross, "Why Bows Get Stiffer And Racquets Get Softer When The Strings Are Added", AJP, Vol. 69, #8, Aug. 2001, p. 907.
  • Rod Cross, "The Coefficient of Restitution for Collisions of Happy Balls, Unhappy Balls, and Tennis Balls", AJP, Vol. 68, #11, Nov. 2000, p. 1025.
  • Rod Cross, "Impact of a Ball with a Bat or Racket", AJP, Vol. 67, #8, Aug. 1999, p. 692.
  • H. Brody, "The Physics of Tennis. III. The Ball-Racket Interaction", AJP, Vol. 65, #10, Oct. 1997, p. 981.
  • Rod Cross, "The Dead Spot of a Tennis Racket", AJP, Vol. 65, #8, Aug. 1997, p. 754.
  • Antonin Stepanek, "The Aerodynamics of Tennis Balls - The Topspin Lob", AJP, Vol. 56, #2, Feb. 1988, p. 138.
  • Joseph M. Zayas, "Experimental Determination of the Coefficient of Drag of a Tennis Ball", AJP, Vol. 54, #7, July 1986, p. 622.
  • H. Brody, "Physics of the Tennis Racket II: The "Sweet Spot"", AJP, 1981, Physics of Sports Selected Reprints, American Association of Physics Teachers, 2006.
  • H. Brody, "Physics of the Tennis Racket", AJP, 1979, Physics of Sports Selected Reprints, American Association of Physics Teachers, 2006.
  • Rodney Cross, "Tennis Physics, Anyone?", Physics Today, Vol. 61, #9, Sept. 2008, p. 84.
  • Jearl Walker, "2.13, Air Drag on Tennis Balls", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 88.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.79, Tennis", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 40.
  • Tom Colligan, "Anatomy of a Serve", Popular Mechanics, Sept. 2007, p. 98.
  • David Cassilo, "Making a Racquet", Popular Science, June 2013, p. 24.
  • Peter J. Brancazio, "Why Does A Tennis Racket Have A "Sweet Spot"?", 1990 Cenco Catalog.

"Tightrope"

  • Robert B. Prigo, "Classroom Tightrope Walking", AJP, Vol. 50, #5, May 1982, p. 471.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.91, Tightrope Walk", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 46.

"Track And Field"

  • Kostas Vourlias and Fanny Seroglou, "Professor Usain Bolt Welcomes You to the Schoolyard: Physics for Champions", TPT, Vol. 54, #1, Jan. 2016, p. 45.
  • Conner Hazelrigg, Bryson Waibel, and Blane Baker, "Modeling of Women's 100-m Dash World Record: Wind-Aided or Not?", TPT, Vol. 53, #8, Nov. 2015, p. 458.
  • A. J. Shinabargar, Matt Hellrich, and Blane Baker, "What Makes Usain Bolt Unique as a Sprinter?", TPT, Vol. 48, #6, Sept. 2010, p. 365.
  • Robert J. Dufresne, William J. Gerace, and William J. Leonard, "Springbok: The Physics of Jumping", TPT, Vol. 39, #2, Feb. 2001, p. 109.
  • A. Tan, "Tan's Reply to Rodriguez", TPT, Vol. 38, #6, Sept. 2000, p. 333.
  • Fernando L. Rodriguez, "Long Comments on the Long Jump-II", TPT, Vol. 38, #6, Sept. 2000, p. 332.
  • A. Tan, "Tan's reply to Scarlassara's Comments",  TPT, Vol. 38, #6, Sept. 2000, p. 332.
  • Fernando Scarlassara, "Long Comments on the Long Jump-I", TPT, Vol. 38, #6, Sept. 2000, p. 330.
  • Ajun Tan and John Zumerchik, "Kinematics of the Long Jump", TPT, Vol. 38, #3, Mar. 2000, p. 147.
  • Glenn Wagner, "The 100-Meter Dash: Theory and Experiment", TPT, Vol. 36, #3, Mar. 1998, p. 144.
  • Alfonso Diaz-Jimenez, "The Standing High Jump", TPT, Vol. 31, #9, Dec. 1993, p. 534.
  • Richard Myers, "Using Carl Lewis's Split Times for Introducing Kinematics", TPT, Vol. 30, #2, Feb. 1992, p. 89.
  • Howard Brody, "Measuring the Softness of an Athletic Surface", TPT, Vol. 30, #1, Jan. 1992, p. 28.
  • William Hooper and Stan Jakuba, "Effect of Exercise Expressed in Joules and Watts", TPT, Vol. 29, #8, Nov. 1991, p. 512.
  • Van E. Neie, "Analysis of Running on Banked and Unbanked Curves", TPT, Vol. 19, #5, May 1981, p. 321.
  • Mario Iona, "Banked Curve", TPT, Vol. 19, #8, Nov. 1981, p. 516.
  • Eric Gentile, "Comment on 'How Fast Could Usain Bolt Have Run? A Dynamical Study'", AJP, Vol. 78, #6, June 2010, p. 646.
  • O. Helene and M. T. Yamashita, "The Force, Power, and Energy of the 100 Meter Sprint", AJP, Vol. 78, #3, Mar. 2010, p. 307.
  • H. K. Eriksen, J. R. Kristiansen, Ø. Langangen, and I. K. Wehus, "How Fast Could Usain Bolt Have Run? A Dynamical Study", AJP, Vol. 77, #3, Mar. 2009, p. 224.
  • Cliff Frohlich, "Aerodynamic Effects on Discus Flight", AJP, Vol. 49, #12, Dec. 1981, p. 1125.
  • Cliff Frohlich, "Effect of Wind and Altitude on Record Performance in Foot Races, Pole Vault, and Long Jump", AJP, Vol. 53, #8, Aug. 1985, p. 726.
  • S. K. Bose, "Maximizing the Range of the Shot Put Without Calculus", AJP, Vol. 51, #5, May 1983, p. 458.
  • R. Palffy‐Muhoray and D. Balzarini, "Maximizing the Range of the Shot Put Without Calculus", AJP, Vol. 50, #2, Feb. 1982, p. 181.
  • Cliff Frohlich, "Aerodynamic Effect on Discus Flight", AJP, Vol. 49, #12, Dec. 1981, p. 1125. 
  • William Hooper, "Comment on 'Maximizing the Range of the Shot Put'", AJP, Vol. 47, #8, Aug. 1979, p. 748.
  • D. B. Lichtenberg and J. G. Wills, "Maximizing the Range of the Shot Put", AJP, Vol. 46, #5, May 1978, p. 546.
  • Herbert Lin, "Newtonian Mechanics and the Human Body: Some Estimates of Performance", AJP, Vol. 46, #1, Jan. 1978, p. 15.
  • Jearl Walker, "2.127, Javelin Throw", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 137.
  • Jearl Walker, "2.126, Throwing a Discus", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 137.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.162, Shot Put and Hammer Throw", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 74 - 75.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.38, The High Jump and the Long Jump", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 17.
  • Jearl Walker, "1.26, Pole Vaulting", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 12.

"Volleyball"

  • F. Behroozi, "Physics of Volleyball: Spiking with a Purpose", TPT, Vol. 36, #5, May 1998, p. 280.

"Walking"

  • Aaron Dumont and Chris Waltham, "Walking",TPT, Vol. 35, #6, Sept. 1997, p. 372.
  • O. Helene, "On 'Waddling' and Race Walking", AJP, Vol. 52, #7, July 1984, p. 656.
  • A. Bellemans, "Power Demand in Walking and Pace Optimization", AJP, Vol. 49, #1, Jan. 1981, p. 25.

"Wiffle Ball"

  • Jenn Rossmann and Andrew Rau, "An Experimental Study of Wiffle Ball Aerodynamics", AJP, Vol. 75, #12, Dec. 2007, p. 1099.
  • Bjorn Carey, "A Wiffle Ball Pitch", Popular Science, Apr. 2014, p. 42. 

"Wrestling"

  • Mark Carle, "Olympic Wrestling and Angular Momentum", TPT, Vol. 26, #2, Feb. 1988, p. 92.

Disclaimer: These demonstrations are provided only for illustrative use by persons affiliated with The University of Iowa and only under the direction of a trained instructor or physicist.  The University of Iowa is not responsible for demonstrations performed by those using their own equipment or who choose to use this reference material for their own purpose.  The demonstrations included here are within the public domain and can be found in materials contained in libraries, bookstores, and through electronic sources.  Performing all or any portion of any of these demonstrations, with or without revisions not depicted here entails inherent risks.  These risks include, without limitation, bodily injury (and possibly death), including risks to health that may be temporary or permanent and that may exacerbate a pre-existing medical condition; and property loss or damage.  Anyone performing any part of these demonstrations, even with revisions, knowingly and voluntarily assumes all risks associated with them.