4C30.10 - Reduced Pressure Boiling

See paragraph one in the procedure section
See paragraph two in the procedure section
Code Number:
4C30.10
Demo Title:
Reduced Pressure Boiling
Condition:
Good
Principle:
Pressure effects on changes of state
Area of Study:
Heat & Fluids

Disclaimer

Equipment:
Water, round bottom flask, ring stand with ring and wire gauze, Bunsen burner, flask stopper, masking tape, crushed ice in a baggie.
Procedure:

Fill the flask half-way with water and boil over the Bunsen burner. Remove from heat, put the stopper in the flask and tape it on. Remove the gauze from the ring and place the inverted flask in the ring. Notice that the water is hot, but not boiling. When the baggie of crushed ice is put on top of the flask, the pressure drop causes the water to boil again.  

The vacuum flask may also be used to show an interesting variation of this demo.  Put ice water with large cubes of ice and not crushed ice in the flask.  Connect this directly to a vacuum pump and evacuate.  Observe the boiling of ice water.

References:
  • Ronald D. Edge, "Hypodermic Boiling", TPT, Vol. 35, # 2, p. 110, Feb. 1997.
  • Michael D. Edmiston, "Boiling, Bubbles, and Pressure", TPT, Vol. 27, # 3, Mar. 1989, p. 136.
  • Thomas O, Callaway and Harry D. Downing, "Response", TPT, Vol. 27, # 3, Mar. 1989, p. 136.
  • G. T. Clayton, T.O. Callaway, and H. D. Downing,  "Experiments with Disposable Hypodermic Syringes",  TPT, Vol. 26, # 1, p. 19, January 1988.
  • Juan P. Negret,  "Boiling Water and the Height of Mountains",  TPT, Vol. 24, # 5, p. 290, May 1986.
  • Zenon Gubanski, "Boiling Point of Water Variation with External Pressure", TPT, Vol. 7, # 4, April 1969, p. 247.
  • H- 260:  "Boiling at Reduced Pressure",  DICK and RAE Physics Demo Notebook.
  • Martin C. Sagendorf, "Boiling Water at 40 Degrees C",  Physics Demonstration Apparatus, 2009. p. 107.
  • George M. Hopkins, "Gases", Experimental Science, p. 97.
  • David Kutliroff, "62, Boiling by Cooling", 101 Classroom Demonstrations and Experiments For Physics Teachers, p. 138.
  • Vicki Cobb and Kathy Darling, "Cold Boiled", Bet You Can!, p. 66.
  • Janice VanCleave, "34, Boil Water with Ice", Teaching the Fun of Physics, p. 51.
  • Julien Clinton Sprott, Physics Demonstrations,  "2.8, Boiling with Ice",  p. 85, ISBN 0-299-21580-6.
  • 13,  "Boiling at Reduced Pressure", Chemical Demonstrations, Vol. 2.
  • W. Bolton, "Boiling", Book I - Properties of Materials, Physics Experiments and Projects, 1968, p. 41-42.
  • Borislaw Bilash II, “ Boiling Cold Water“, A Demo A Day – A Year of Physical Science Demonstrations, p. 96.
http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/water_anomalies.html

Disclaimer: These demonstrations are provided only for illustrative use by persons affiliated with The University of Iowa and only under the direction of a trained instructor or physicist.  The University of Iowa is not responsible for demonstrations performed by those using their own equipment or who choose to use this reference material for their own purpose.  The demonstrations included here are within the public domain and can be found in materials contained in libraries, bookstores, and through electronic sources.  Performing all or any portion of any of these demonstrations, with or without revisions not depicted here entails inherent risks.  These risks include, without limitation, bodily injury (and possibly death), including risks to health that may be temporary or permanent and that may exacerbate a pre-existing medical condition; and property loss or damage.  Anyone performing any part of these demonstrations, even with revisions, knowingly and voluntarily assumes all risks associated with them.