7A60.95 - X-Ray Tube Demos

Code Number:
7A60.95
Demo Title:
X-Ray Tube Demos
Condition:
Good
Principle:
Electron Beams
Area of Study:
Modern Physics

Disclaimer

Equipment:
Break Apart and Demo X-Ray Tubes, X-Ray Tube, X-Ray Tube Transformer, Variac, Fluorescent Screen, and X-Rays (Films).
Procedure:

Directions for operating the X-Ray unit.  Hook the good X-Ray tube to the transformer, and hook the transformer to a Variac.  Turn the Variac to about 70 VAC or until the image on the fluorescent screen is clear.

Caution: Do Not Overload, Do Not Operate for more than 30 seconds continuously.

Make sure the transformer has enough oil in it.  This unit is NOT legal as far as output is concerned.

The films may be viewed by putting them on the overhead projector.

Several large X-ray tubes are mounted on Plexiglas stands for display.

References:
  • James Lincoln, Roberto Barrueto-Cabello, "X-rays in the Classroom", TPT, Vol. 59, #4, April 2021, p. 300.
  • James Lincoln, "X-Rays Shed Light", TPT, Jan. 2018, Vol. 54, #1, p. 42.
  • Paul Hewitt, "Answer to November 2015 Figuring Physics Question", TPT, Vol. 53, #9, Dec. 2015, p. 563.
  • Otto Zietz, Elliot Mylott, and Ralf Widenhorn, "Infrared Radiography: Modeling X-ray Imaging Without Harmful Radiation", TPT, Vol. 53, #1, Jan. 2015, p. 46.
  • Andrew DePino Jr., "X-Ray Shoe Fitter", TPT, Vol. 42, #8, Nov. 2004, p. 452. 
  • David R. Lapp, "The X-Ray Shoe Fitter — An Early Application of Roentgen's ‘New Kind of Ray’", TPT, Vol. 42, #6, Sept. 2004, p. 354.
  • Carl H. Hayn, "Why K, L, M...?", TPT, Vol. 38, #6, Sept. 2000, p. 370.
  • Margaret Stautberg Greenwood, "X‐Ray CT‐Scan Analogy", TPT, Vol. 23, #2, Feb. 1985, p. 94.
  • Walter Thumm, "The Author Replies", TPT, Vol.13, #6, Sept. 1975, p. 325.
  • Myron S. Allen, "Male or Female?", TPT, Vol. 13, #6, Sept. 1975, p. 324.
  • Walter Thumm, "Röntgen’s Discovery of X Rays", TPT, Vol. 13, #4, Apr. 1975, p. 207.
  • Edith H. Quimby, "Safe Use of Ionizing Radiation In Secondary School", TPT, Vol. 3, #4, Apr. 1965, p. 158.
  • Thomas B. Greenslade, Jr., "Cold-Cathode X Ray Tube", AJP, Vol. 90, #7, July 2022, p. 512.
  • Thomas B. Greenslade, Jr., "Coolidge-Type X Ray Tube", AJP, Vol. 90, #3, March 2022, p. 262.
  • Thomas B. Greenslade, Jr., "X Ray Tube", AJP, Vol. 89, #4, April 2021, p. 402.
  • Thomas B. Greenslade, Jr., "Fluoroscope (Photograph)", AJP, Vol. 74, #5, May 2006, p. 418.
  • R. Rodríguez and A. Clark, "F Center Experiments From Soft X Rays", AJP, Vol. 55, #2, Feb. 1987, p. 186.
  • Glen Spielbauer, "Improved Light Bulb X-ray Tube", AJP, Vol. 47, #5, May 1979, p. 474.
  • Robert Everett Vermillion, "X-Ray Photographs on Polaroid Film", AJP, Vol. 45, #6, June 1977, p. 587.
  • Glen Spielbauer, "Conversion of a Light Bulb Into an X-Ray Tube", AJP, Vol. 45, #1, Jan. 1977, p. 104.
  • Stephen G. Benka, "Mammogram Radiation Risk is Lower than Thought", Physics Today, Vol. 68, #9, Sep. 2015, p. 19.
  • Sol M. Gruner, "X-Ray Imaging Detectors", Physics Today, Vol. 65, #12, Dec. 2012, p. 29.
  • Mark Wilson, "X-Ray Light Valve Emerges as a Low-Cost, Digital Radiographic Imager", Physics Today, Vol. 61, #12, Dec. 2008, p. 23.
  • Bertram Schwarzschild, "Dark-Field Imaging is Demonstrated with a Conventional Hard-X-Ray Source", Physics Today, Vol. 61, #3, Mar. 2008, p. 12.
  • Charles Day, "Hybrid Imaging System Combines X Rays and Magnetic Resonance to Improve Surgical Procedures", Physics Today, Vol. 58, #6, June 2005, p. 22.
  • Lawrence Badash, "Marie Curie: In the Laboratory and on the Battlefield", Physics Today, Vol. 56, #7, July 2003, p. 37.
  • Richard Fitzgerald, "Phase‐Sensitive X‐Ray Imaging", Physics Today, Vol. 53, #7, July 2000, p. 23.
  • Gregory Mone, "You Built What?!: A Portable X-Ray Machine", Popular Science, Vol. 284, #5, May 2012, p. 71.
  • Richard Manliffe Sutton, "A-102. X-Ray Tubes and Equipment", Demonstration Experiments in Physics, p. 495 - 497.
  • Rick Beyer, "Röntgen’s Rays", The Greatest Science Stories Never Told, p. 90 - 91.
  • Isaac Asimov, "The Radiation That Wasn't", Fantasy & Science Fiction Magazine, p. 131 - 141.
  • George M. Hopkins', "X-Ray Apparatus and Its Manipulation", Experimental Science, Vol. 2, p. 379.
  • The Book of Unusual Knowledge, Publications International, Ltd., "Dem Bones: X-ray Shoe-Fitting Machines", Chapter 15, p. 448.
  • Editors of Portable Press, "How an X-Ray Machine Works", Strange Science, p. 149.
  • E. Leybold's Nachfolger, "Apparatus for Röntgen Ray Experiments", Catalogue of Physical Apparatus, Vth Ed, p. 263 - 270.

Disclaimer: These demonstrations are provided only for illustrative use by persons affiliated with The University of Iowa and only under the direction of a trained instructor or physicist.  The University of Iowa is not responsible for demonstrations performed by those using their own equipment or who choose to use this reference material for their own purpose.  The demonstrations included here are within the public domain and can be found in materials contained in libraries, bookstores, and through electronic sources.  Performing all or any portion of any of these demonstrations, with or without revisions not depicted here entails inherent risks.  These risks include, without limitation, bodily injury (and possibly death), including risks to health that may be temporary or permanent and that may exacerbate a pre-existing medical condition; and property loss or damage.  Anyone performing any part of these demonstrations, even with revisions, knowingly and voluntarily assumes all risks associated with them.