Breadcrumb
3A95.59 - Belousov - Zhabotinsky Reactions

Code Number: 3A95.59
Demo Title: Belousov - Zhabotinsky Reactions
Condition: Good
Principle: Chaotic Patterns - Initial Conditions
Area of Study: Oscillations & Acoustics, Chaos
Equipment:
Sodium Bromate, Malonic Acid, Potassium Bromide, Cerium (IV) Ammonium Nitrate, Sulfuric Acid, Ferroin Indicator, Distilled Water, Beakers, Petri Dishes, Stirring Rods, Electric/Magnetic Stirrer.
Procedure:
See also: 3A95.59 in Chaos or Oscillations.
The simple reaction directions are in the box. Do not use more that 100 mls of each of the A, B, and C stock solutions for final demo mixing as there is some gas evolution during the reaction/digestion process, therefore some smell is this is done in an open container. However, you can use the one of the square plastic bottles with cap on the magnetic stirrer to get around this. 40 mls of each stock solution mixed for the final demo seems to work very well. Add 1 ml or the starch solution.
This is the best reaction to use: This reaction is taken directly from "Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, Vol. 2" by Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, Demo 7.2, p. 257.
The more involved chemical reaction is as follows: The mixing of chemicals needs to take place before hand. This also take quite a bit of time, so make sure to allow at least 24 hours to get this demo ready. Refer to the file for chemical proportions and mixing instructions.
For every 100 ml of solution use:
0.33g | Malonic Acid |
0.95g | NaBrO3 |
0.55g | Ceric Ammonium Nitrate |
4.5 ml | H2SO4 |
**For the KBr make a stock solution using .2 grams KBr per Liter. Use 1 ml of this solution for each 100 ml of reaction solution.
Pour equal amounts of the potassium bromate solution and the malonic acid solution into the square plastic container and put this onto the magnetic stirrer so that you create a vortex. After about 1 minute the solution will become colorless. Once that happens, add the cerium ammonium nitrate solution and about 30 ml of ferroin indicator and then cap the container. The color changes should be from green to blue to violet and finally red. This cycle will repeat for more than 20 cycles.
References:
- Sergey V. Buldyrev, Melissa J. Erickson, Peter Garik, Linda S. Shore, H. Eugene Stanley, Edwin F. Taylor, Paul A. Trunfio, and Paul Hickman, "Science Research in the Classroom", TPT, Vol. 32, #7, Oct. 1994, p. 411.
- Eugenie V. Mielczarek, Jack S. Turner, Darryl Leiter, Linda Davis, "Chemical Clocks: Experimental and Theoretical Models of Nonlinear Behavior", AJP, Vol. 51, #1, Jan. 1983, p. 32.
- Richard J. Fitzgerald, "Complex Patterns in Frustrated Synchronization", Physics Today, Vol. 69, #2, Feb. 2016, p. 18.
- Johanna Miller, "A Nonbiological System Offers Insight Into Biological Synchronization", Physics Today, Vol. 62, #4, Apr. 2009, p. 14.
- Charles Day, "Feedback Tames Chaotic Surface Chemistry", Physics Today, Vol. 54, #7, July, 2001, p. 18.
- Irving R. Epstein, "Spiral Waves in Chemistry and Biology", Science, Vol. 252, #5002, Apr. 1991, p. 67.
- Jearl Walker, "Chemical Systems That Oscillate Between One Color and Another", The Amateur Scientist, July 1978, p. 152 - 161.
- Gene Gennaro and Bruce Munson, "The Iodine Clock Reaction and Hypothermia", The Science Teacher, Vol. 55, #9, Dec. 1988, p. 16 - 19.
- Neil. A. Downie, "2. Glacial Oscillations", Ink Sandwiches, Electric Worms and 37 Other experiments for Saturday Science, p. 13 - 19.
- A. Babloyantz, "The Belousov - Zhabotinski Reaction", Molecules, Dynamics, and Life, 1986, p. 155 - 172.
- Earle S. Scott, Rodney Schreiner, Lee R. Sharpe, Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, and Glen E. Dirreen, "7.2 Cerium-Catalyzed Bromate-Malonic Acid Reaction", Chemical Demonstrations, Vol. 2, p. 257 - 261.
- Earle S. Scott, Rodney Schreiner, Lee R. Sharpe, Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, and Glen E. Dirreen, "7. Oscillating Chemical Reactions", Chemical Demonstrations, Vol. 2, p. 232 - 247.