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Code Number: 4E10.10
Demo Title: Charles' Law and Gas Pressure Doing Work - Glass Piston
Condition: Excellent
Principle: Volume vs. Temperature at Constant Pressure
Area of Study: Thermodynamics, Gas Laws
Equipment:
Gas Thermometer Demo, Grill Lighter or Ice Bath if desired, Masses (set) (3 - 100g), Vaseline, Glass ground syringe (large) with holder, Rubber hose with glass tube at one end, Flask (1 L), Bunsen burner.
Procedure:
Use your hands to warm the bulb. The grill lighter may be used if a higher temperature is desired. When warmed the liquid in the manometer should move quite dramatically. The ice bath can be used to make the liquid move in the opposite direction.
Since the liquid level rises only a few cm maximum the entire system is essentially at a constant pressure.
Assemble the unit as shown. Place the Bunsen burner under the flask and in about 30 seconds the plunger will start to move. Place 100 grams of weight on the plunger and in a few more seconds it will again rise with the additional weight.
IMPORTANT NOTES: As soon as the plunger starts to rise with the additional weight remove the flame, and either add additional weights before the plunger reaches the top of its stroke or be sure to catch it as it pops our under pressure.
BE sure that at no time, under any conditions, can the plunger fall out and break!!!!!!
This syringe will need very light lubrication at most.
To make the increas in volume more visible, disconnect the manometer from the bulb and substitute a length of Tygon tubing with a length of colored water in it. Lay this across a table or box and use some markers to show where the length of water begins and ends. Heat or cool the bulb and note the movement of the colored water.
References:
- Krzysztof Rebilas, "A Microscopic Perspective on the Work Done by an Ideal Gas", TPT, Vol. 61, #8, Nov. 2023, p. 699.
- Gavin D. Peckham, "P-V Diagrams Have More to Offer", TPT, Vol. 35, # 1, p. 56, Jan. 1997.
- Volker Thomsen, "Solution of Third-Order Polynomials", TPT, Vol. 32, # 1, Jan. 1994, p. 24.
- Robert W. Bird, "Got an Equation to Solve?", TPT, Vol. 32, # 4, Apr. 1994, p. 199.
- N. Gautheir, "More Help for Thomsen", TPT, Vol. 32, # 4, Apr. 1994, p. 200.
- Huang Guo-xiong, "Thermodynamic Transport of Eggs", TPT, Vol. 31, # 2, Feb. 1993, p. 119.
- Michael D. Edmiston, "Boiling, Bubbles, and Pressure", TPT, Vol. 27, # 3, Mar. 1989, p. 136.
- Thomas O, Callaway and Harry D. Downing, "Response", TPT, Vol. 27, # 3, Mar. 1989, p. 136.
- Clayton, Callaway, and Downing, "Experiments with Disposable Hypodermic Syringes", TPT, Vol. 26, # 1, p. 19, Jan. 1988.
- V. V. Raman, "Where Credit is Due - The Gas Laws", TPT, Vol. 11, # 7, p. 419, Oct. 1973.
- David P. Jackson and Priscilla W. Laws, "Syringe Thermodynamics: The Many Uses of a Glass Syringe", AJP, Vol. 74, # 2, Feb. 2006.
- Martin Gardner, "Dancing Dime", Entertaining Science Experiments with Everyday Objects, p. 102.
- Overbeck et al., "Boyle's and Charles' Laws", Selective Experiments in Physics, Central Scientific Company, 1940.
- Overbeck et al., "Charles' Law", Selective Experiments in Physics, Central Scientific Company, 1959.
- Overbeck et al., "Expansion of Gases", Selective Experiments in Physics, Central Scientific Company, 1940.
- V. E. Eaton et al., "Charles' Law", Selective Experiments in Physics, Central Scientific Company, 1940.
- Curt Suplee, "Pressure and gases", Everyday Science Explained, National Geographic, p. 44.
Video Credit: Jonathan M. Sullivan-Wood.