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Code Number: 5G30.10
Demo Title: Paramagnetic, Diamagnetic, & Ferromagnetic Demos
Condition: Excellent
Principle: Magnetic Orientations
Area of Study: Electricity & Magnetism
Equipment:
Crystal; Metal; Glass; and Chemical Samples, Horn Magnets (2), Rotating Supports (2), Liquid Nitrogen, Liquid Oxygen Generator with small dewar, liquid oxygen slides.
Procedure:
Place the magnets carefully in the middle of the rotating supports. Suspend the samples between the poles of the magnet or a little higher. Wait for the sample to come to its preferred orientation in the magnetic field ( 2 to 3 minutes). Slowly turn the rotating support and observe that the sample will follow along so that it can maintain its orientation. Samples are as follows: Tantalum (Para); Titanium (Para); Copper Sulfate (Para); Ferric Chloride (Para); Bismuth (Dia); Glass (Dia); Bismuth Nitrate (Dia); Nickel (Ferro); Copper (Ferro). The copper will show Para magnetism but this is due to induced eddy currents. Copper has virtually no magnetic moment or susceptibility.
The slides of the liquid oxygen are in the Electrically and Magnetism Slide Notebook in room 58. You may also make liquid oxygen by following the procedure in 5G30.20.
A simpler version of this demo is to place some paramagnetic and diamagnetic samples in test tubes and hang them from a rotating arm. Bring the big neodymium magnet near one of the samples on the arm and it will either be attracted or repelled depending on the sample.
The smaller but more powerful neodymium horseshoe adjustable magnets may work better for this demonstration.
References:
- John A. Daffron, A Para- and Dia-Magnetism Balance", TPT, Vol. 47, # 6, Sept. 2009, p. 395.
- Charles A. Sawicki, "Inexpensive Demonstration of the Magnetic Properties of Matter", TPT, Vol. 36, # 9, p. 553, Dec. 1998.
- Henry H. Kolm, "Why Are So Few Substances Ferromagnetic?", TPT, Vol. 20, # 3, Mar. 1982, p. 183-185.
- Gary E. Young, Kyle Allen, Charlie Swartz, H. Richard Crane, "How Does an Electron Create Magnetism?", TPT, Vol. 18, # 6, Sept. 1980, p. 478.
- "Hydrogen Diamagnetism", TPT, Vol. 17, # 2, Feb. 1979, p. 101.
- Daniel Laumann, "Is an Apple Magnetic: Magnetic Response of Everyday Materials Supporting Views About the Nature of Science", TPT, Vol. 55, #3, March 2017, p. 142-145.
- David P. Jackson, "Dancing Paperclips and the Geometric Influence on Magnetization: A Surprising Result", AJP, Vol. 74, # 4, April 2006, p. 272.
- S. P. Puri, "Diamagnetic Cylindrical Bar in a Field", AJP, 33, # 6, June 1965, p. 472.
- C. S. Schneider and John P. Ertel, "Experiments on Magnetic Materials", AJP, Vol. 46, # 8, Aug. 1978, p. 820.
- Arthur R. Laufer, "The Orientation of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Rods in Magnetic Fields", AJP, Vol. 19, #4, Apr. 1951, p. 275.
- Es-3,4: Freier and Anderson, A Demonstration Handbook for Physics.
- E-102: Richard Manliffe Sutton, Demonstration Experiments in Physics.
- 32- 2: H. F. Meiners, Physics Demonstration Experiments, Vol. II.
- George M. Hopkins, "Dynamic Electricity", Experimental Science, p. 464.
- Vicki Cobb and Kathy Darling, "Tape Escape", Bet You Can!, p. 40.
- Simon Quellen Field, "More About Magnets", Gonzo Gizmos, p. 11 - 14.
- Arthur B. Ellis, Margret J. Geselbracht, Brian J. Johnson, George C. Lisensky, William R. Robinson, "Electrons in Solids", Teaching General Chemistry - A Materials Science Companion, p. 28.
- 6.20: Jearl Walker, "Bubbles Moved by Magnetic Field", The Flying Circus of Physics with Answers.
- "Paging Mr. Post: Let's Do Another Study", Uncle John's 'Unstoppable' Bathroom Reader, p. 209.
- Joseph Frick, "# 337 - Experiments on Diamagnetism", Physical Technics: Or Practical Instructions for Making Experiments in Physics and the Construction of Physical Apparatus with the Most Limmited Means, p. 400.