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6A40.33 - Index of Refraction - Glass or Plastic Block, Expanding Crystals
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Code Number: 6A40.33
Demo Title: Index of Refraction - Glass or Plastic Block, Expanding Crystals
Condition: Excellent
Principle: Refraction and Refractive Index
Area of Study: Optics
Equipment:
Square clear plastic box, large glass block or plastic block from the Black Board Optics set, laser pointer, Wesson oil, phantom crystals or growing spheres.
Procedure:
Place the large glass or plastic block into the clear plastic box as shown. Direct a laser beam through the box and into the block at a 45 degree angle to the edge of the block. Note that the entrance and exit beams are offset from one another. Pour Wesson oil into the box to just above the level of the laser beam and observe that now the laser beam is now a straight line with no offset because the Wesson oil and the plastic block have the same index of refraction.
NOTE: The following takes 1 full days notice.
The "Phantom Crystals" or "Growing Spheres" are commonly used as a substitute for soil in potted plants or as an absorbent in baby diapers. They are able to absorb a large amount of water and keep it from evaporating, and so they are used to keep plants from drying out under stress conditions. The crystals are a mixture of: 25% Hydroxyethel Methacrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylimide copolymer, cross-linked homopolymer for absorption and desorption of water, and 35% silica to stabilize the system. They have the same index of refraction as water and are therefore invisible in what looks like a beaker of pure water. Shine a laser beam through the beaker and the beam goes straight through as you would expect if the beaker contained only water. Pour some of the water out so the crystals are exposed and you will see the laser beam being refracted by the individual expanded crystals.
References:
- Carlos Daniel Frazao, Wellington dos Santos Souza, "A Proposed Experimental Activitiy to Determine Optical Properties of Acrylic by Using Smartphones and Measurement Instruments", TPT, Vol. 62, #7, Oct. 2024, p. 610.
- Cristiano M. B. Cordeiro, Eric Fujiwara, "A Quantitative Experiment of Liquid Dispersion Using Merely a Partially Submerged Mirror and Sunlight", TPT, Vol. 60, #2, Feb. 2022, p. 140.
- Marshall Ellenstein, "Old Wine in New Bottles", TPT, Vol. 55, #7, Oct. 2017, p. 439.
- Marina Milner-Bolotin, "Water Pearls Optics Challenges for Everbody", TPT, Vol. 50. #3, Mar. 2012, p. 144.
- Gordon R. Gore, "Physics Fun with Jelly Marbles", TPT, Vol. 47, #9, Dec. 2009, p. 606.
- Robert Gardner, "Mirrors in Air and Water", TPT, Vol. 14, #2, Feb. 1976, p. 114, also A Potpourri of Physics Teaching Ideas - Optics and Waves, p. 199.
- Borislaw Bilash II, “Ghost Crystals“, A Demo A Day – A Year of Physical Science Demonstrations, p. 312.
- Julius Sumner Miller, Q206 & A206, Millergrams II – Some More Enchanting Questions for Enquiring Minds, p. 60 & 110.