Crossed Polaroids Setup
Crossed Polaroids Sets

 

Code Number: 6H10.10

Demo Title: Polarization - Crossed Polaroids

Condition: Excellent

Principle: Polarization of Light

Area of Study: Optics, E&M

Equipment:

Overhead Polarizers (2) and Polaroid Sunglasses.

Procedure:

The Polaroid's can be placed at 90 degrees to each other to show total extinction of transmitted light.

References:

  • Peizheng Yan, Haojie Xia, Jianquan Li, Yonghong Wang, Yongqing Wei, Feng Ji, Shuangbao Shu, "Polarization Imaging Application with Smartphones", TPT, Vol. 57, #9, Dec. 2019, p. 594-596.
  • Dinh Xuan Khoa and Nguyen Huy Bang, "A Low-Cost Experimental Kit for Teaching Wave Optics Based on the CDIO Approach", TPT, Vol. 57, #3, Mar. 2019, p. 168.
  • Stefan Richtberg and Raimund Girwidz, "Use of Linear and Circular Polarization: The Secret LCD Screen and 3D Cinema", TPT, Vol. 55, #7, Oct. 2017, p. 406.
  • Martín Monteiro, Cecilia Stari, Cecilia Cabeza, and Arturo C. Martí, "The Polarization of Light and Malus' Law Using Smartphones", TPT, Vol. 55, #5, May 2017, p. 264.
  • Paul Hewitt, "Figuring Physics", TPT, Vol. 48, #4, Apr. 2010, p. 216.
  • Adam S. Green, Paul R. Ohmann, Nick E. Leininger, and James A. Kavanaugh, "Polarization Imaging and Insect Vision", TPT , Vol. 48, #1, Jan 2010, p. 17.
  • Giuseppe Colicchia, "A Simple Device for Exploring Optical Activity", TPT, Vol. 42, #8, Nov. 2004, p. 478.
  • Kelly Krieble and Joseph L. Powlette, "A Simple Apparatus for Optical Polarization Experiments", TPT, Vol. 41, #9, Dec. 2003, p. 537.
  • Don Easton, "Transmission Through Crossed Polaroid Filters", TPT, Vol. 39, #4, Apr. 2001, p. 231.
  • Richard E. Stevens, "A Simulation of Optical Polarization", TPT, Vol. 38, #4, Apr. 2000, p. 222.
  • Jukka O. Mattila, "Laptop Art", TPT, Vol. 34, #2, Feb. 1996, p. 78.
  • H. Richard Crane, "The Quarts Watch With Digital Readout", TPT, Vol. 32, #5, May 1994, p. 298.
  • Bill Reid, "Colored Flag by Double Refraction", TPT, Vol. 32, #1, Jan. 1994, p. 38.
  • Paul Changnon, "Animated Displays IV: Linear Polarization", TPT, Vol. 31, #8, Nov. 1993, p. 489.
  • John Harris and Vittorio Zanetti, "Sunglasses That Switch On and Off", TPT, Vol. 28, #4, Apr. 1990, p. 200.
  • Ruth Goehmann and Scott Welty, "Polarized Light: Three Demonstrations", TPT, Vol. 22, #5, May 1984, p. 307.
  • M. Ameloot and H. Hendrickx, "Determination of the Polarizing Direction of Polarizers", TPT, Vol. 21, #9, Dec. 1983, p. 590.
  • Bruce H. Morgan, "Polarization Effects With Pendulums", TPT, Vol. 20, #8, Nov. 1982, p. 541.
  • Herbert H. Gottlleb, "The Law of Malus Using Polaroid Polarizers", TPT, Vol. 18, #8, Nov 1980, p. 612.
  • A. F. Leung, "The Law of Malus Using Polaroid Polarizers", TPT, Vol. 18, #8, Nov. 1980, p. 612.
  • Robert P. Bauman and Dennis R. Moore, "Classical Demonstration of Polarization", TPT, Vol. 18, #3, Mar. 1980, p. 214, also A Potpourri of Physics Teaching Ideas - Optics and Waves, p. 234.
  • E. F. Carr and J. P. McClymer,  "A Laboratory Experiment on Interference of Polarized Light Using a Liquid", AJP, Vol. 59, #4, Apr. 1991, p. 366.
  • Terry S. Carlton, "Quantum Mechanical Demonstrations with Polarized Light", AJP, Vol. 42, #5, May 1974, p. 408.
  • Sydney B. Lang, "Pyroelectricity: From Ancient Curiosity to Modern Imaging Tool", Physics Today, Vol. 58, #8, Aug. 2005, p. 31.
  • Om-8, 9: Freier and Anderson, A Demonstration Handbook for Physics.
  • O-605: "Coil Spring and Two Big Slits", DICK and RAE Physics Demo Notebook.
  • O-610: "Polaroid (TM) - Malus' Law", DICK and RAE Physics Demo Notebook.
  • Jearl Walker, "More about Polarizers and How to Use Them, Particularly for Studying Polarized Sky Light", The Amateur Scientist, January, 1978.
  • "Suggestions for the Use of Polaroid in Demonstrations of Polarized Light", The Polarizing Instrument Company.
  • Bill Franklin, "Observing the Polarization of Light", Teaching about Color & Color Vision, 1996, p. 3D-1.
  • Bill Franklin, "Understanding Polarization Colors", Teaching about Color & Color Vision, 1996, p. 2D-1.
  • Borislaw Bilash II and David Maiullo, "Can You See Me Now?", A Demo a Day: A Year of Physics Demonstrations, p. 322.
  • H. Richard Crane, "Stretch Orientation: A Process of a Hundred Uses", How Thing Work (1983 - 1995), p. 28.
  • "The Visible World - How Light Waves Travel", The Boy Scientist, p. 180.
  • Jearl Walker, "7.38. Honeybees, Desert Ants, and Polarized Light", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 319.
  • Jearl Walker, "6.128. Ant Navigation", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 296.
  • Jearl Walker, "6.126. Polarizing Sunglasses", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 294.
  • Yaakov Kraftmakher, "1.19 Malus' Law", Experiments and Demonstrations in Physics, ISBN 981-256-602-3, p. 72.
  • Hollis N. Todd, Polarization of Light: Basic Theory and Experiments, Cambridge Instrument Inc., 1970.
  • John H. Moore, Christopher C. Davis, and Michael A. Coplan, "Polarizers", Building Scientific Apparatus 2nd Edition, p. 157 - 164.
  • Robert Ehrlich, "Crossed Polaroid's and Optical Activity", Turning the World Inside Out, p. 172 - 173.
  • Ron Hipschman, "Polaroid Island", Exploratorium Cookbook III, p. 173.1 - 173.3.
  • Ron Hipschman, "Glass Catfish", Exploratorium Cookbook II, p. 97.1 - 97.2.
  • "2, Experiment with Polarizing Filter", Experiments in Optics, Part 2, Klinger Scientific Apparatus Corp., Bulletin 101- 2.
  • T. D. Rossing and C. J. Chiaverina, "7.1, Polarization By Selective Absorption", Light Science, Physics and Visual Arts, p. 152.
  • T. D. Rossing and C. J. Chiaverina, "7.8, Optical Activity", Light Science, Physics and Visual Arts, p. 163.
  • W. Bolton, "6. The Effect of Polarized Light on Insects", Book 2 - Waves and Particles, Physics Experiments and Projects, 1968, p. 80.
  • W. Bolton, "Polarization of Light", Book 2 - Waves and Particles, Physics Experiments and Projects, 1968, p. 25.
  • V. E. Eaton, C. J. Overback, R. J. Stephenson, and Marsh W. White, "Polarized Light, Selective Experiments in Physics", 1943.
  • Joseph Frick, "#194 & 195 - Undulation of Polarized Light & Polarizing Apparatus", Physical Technics: Or Practical Instructions for Making Experiments in Physics and the Construction of Physical Apparatus with the Most Limited Means, p. 225.
6H10.10 - Polarization - Crossed Polaroids