Optical Transform Kit

 

Code Number: 7A60.21

Demo Title: Electron Diffraction - Optical Simulation

Condition: Good

Principle: Two-Dimensional Gratings, Crystal Structures

Area of Study: Optics, Modern Physics

Equipment: 

Helium-neon laser (2 to 5 mw.) or Laser Pointer, Optics bench, Optical Transform Slides - Unit Slide, Discovery Slide.

Procedure:

See also: 6D20.58 in Optics

An optical analog of electron diffraction is to use the slides that have crystal pattern reductions and a laser.  Different crystal structures will give different 2-D diffraction patterns. 

References:

  • Athanasios Velentzas, "Teaching Diffraction of Light and Electrons: Classroom Analogies to Classic Experiments", TPT, Vol. 52, # 8, Nov. 2014, p. 493.
  • Se-yuen Mak, "Grating for Simulation of Laue Crystal Diffraction", TPT, Vol. 32, # 9, Dec. 1994, p. 539.
  • H. H. Barschall, "The Optical Model of the Nucleus", TPT, Vol.  7, # 9, Dec. 1969, p. 481.
  • N. Ferralis, A. W. Szmodis, and R. D. Diehl, "Diffraction from One- and Two-Dimensional Quasicrystalline Gratings", AJP, Vol. 72, # 9, Sept. 2004, p. 1241.
  • Heidi Jo Marvin, "Fraunhofer Diffraction By Diamond-Shaped Apertures: A Theoretical and Experimental Study", AJP, Vol. 56, # 6, June 1988, p. 551.
  • Kathryn D. Burch et al.,  "Optical Simulation of Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Patterns",  AJP, p. 237, Vol. 53, No. 3, March 1985.
  • George R. Mitchell, "The Reciprocal Lattice - A Demonstration", AJP, Vol. 46, #5, May 1978, p. 574.
  • Ronald Bergsten, "Optical Crystals", AJP, Vol. 42, # 2, Feb. 1974, p. 91.
  • E. Hecht, "Symmetries in Fraunhofer Diffraction", AJP, Vol. 40, # 4, Apr. 1972, p. 571.
  • D. De Fontaine, K. A. Jackson, C. E. Miller, "Optical Diffraction from a Two-Dimensional Array of Spheres", AJP, Vol. 37, #8, Aug. 1969, p. 789.
  • T. Grattan and K. Jamison, "Optical Electron Diffraction Can Be Demonstrated With Homemade Kit", Physics Education, Vol. 39, # 4, July 2004, p. 320. 
  • "Optical Transform Kit",  Institute for Chemical Education, University of Wisconsin - Madison.
  • Ellis, Geselbracht et al.,  Teaching General Chemistry: A Materials Science Companion,  "Chapter 4: Determination of Structure Using Data",  p. 77.