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Code Number: 3D30.60
Demo Title: Kundt's Tube
Condition: Excellent
Principle: Standing Waves/Kundt's Tube
Area of Study: Oscillations & Acoustics
Equipment: Kundt's Tube Apparatus, Bow and Rosin, Leather and Rosin, or Chamois and Alcohol (To Produce Vibrations in the Rod), Lycopodium Powder, and Cork Dust.
Procedure:
The easiest way to use the glass Kundt's tube is to use it in conjuction with the horn driver. The horn driver can be connected directly to the PASCO function generator. All you need do then is turn up the amplitude knob to just over 1/2 of maximum. This tube resonates very well at 2008 Hz. It takes less than 10 seconds for clear patterns to be produced.
Place a small amount of Lycopodium powder or cork dust into the glass Kundt's tube and spread it the length of the tube. Insert the metal plunger part way into the glass tube and clamp firmly. Stroke the metal plunger near the clamped point with either the bow and rosin, the leather and rosin, or probably the easiest is the chamois and alcohol. The powder should collect in the nodes.
It may be easier to use in class and less messy to use the tubes that already have a speaker on one end and a microphone on the end of the plunger. Note that you can also measure the speed of sound with these tubes by setting the oscilloscope to view Lissajous figures.
References:
- Pangratios Papacosta and Nathan Linscheid, "An Inexpensive and Versatile Version of Kundt's Tube for Measuring the Speed of Sound in Air", TPT, Vol. 54, #1, Jan. 2016, p. 50.
- Norihiro Sugimoto (Stray Cats), "Demonstration of Simple and Dramatic Resonance in a Whiskey Bottle", TPT, Vol. 51, #1, Jan. 2013, p. 58.
- Robert P. Barrett, "Kundt's Tube and an Air Track Blower", TPT, Vol. 18, #7, Oct. 1980, p. 542, reprinted in TPT, Vol. 39, #9, Dec. 2001, p. 552.
- Russell B. Hastings, "Kundt's Tube Improved", TPT, Vol. 23, #5, May 1985, p. 260.
- Robert P. Barrett, "The Mysterious Ridges", TPT, Vol. 19, #4, Apr. 1981, p. 218.
- Robert P. Barrett, "Kundt's Tube and an Air Track Blower", TPT, Vol. 18, #7, Oct. 1980, p. 542.
- John G. McCaslin, "Minimizing Glass Breakage", TPT, Vol. 18, #3, Mar. 1980, p. 231.
- George Kotynek, "Repairing Leaky Ripple Tanks", TPT, Vol. 5, #5, May 1967, p. 243.
- Herbert H. Gottlieb and The AAPT Committee on Apparatus, "Standing Waves in a Glass Cylinder", TPT, Vol. 5, #5, May 1967, p. 242.
- Kenneth Geo. Keith, "Demonstration Experiment to Slow the Effect of Pressure Variation on the Velocity of Sound in a Gas", TPT, Vol. 3, #1, Jan. 1965, p. 30.
- R. B. Hastings, "Thermistor Explorations in a Kundt Tube", AJP, Vol. 37, #7, July 1969, p. 709.
- Robert A. Carman, "Kundt Tube Dust Striations", AJP, Vol. 23, #8, Nov. 1955, p. 505.
- H. E. Hammond, "Exciting a Kundt's Tube with a Siren", AJP, Vol. 21, #6, Sep. 1953, p. 475.
- Freier and Anderson, "Sa-17, 18", A Demonstration Handbook for Physics.
- Richard Manliffe Sutton, "S-128", Demonstration Experiments in Physics.
- Wallace A. Hilton, "S- 3f", Physics Demonstration Experiments.
- R. W. Pohl, Physical Principles of Mechanics and Acoustics, p. 251.
- Ron Hipschman, "Visible Effects of the Invisible", Exploratorium Cookbook III, 190.1 - 190.4.
- Jearl Walker, "1.47: Piles and Ripples of a Kundt Tube", The Flying Circus of Physics with Answers.
- D. Colson, C. J. Lapp, J. A. Eldridge, "Experiment XXXI", 1936 Univ. of Iowa Physics Laboratory Manual, p. 38.