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Code Number: 3D40.40
Demo Title: Drums
Condition: Good
Principle: Drums - Frequency vs. head tension
Area of Study: Oscillations & Acoustics
Equipment:
Field Drum, Tympani Drum Heads
Procedure:
The field drum has a pressure pad that applies pressure to the drum head, thus giving different tones. Some deadening or muffling of the drum may also be produced.
References:
- Randy Worland, "Chladni Patterns on Drumheads: A 'Physics of Music' Experiment", TPT, Vol. 49, #1, Jan. 2011, p. 24.
- Adolf Cortel, "Simple Excitation of Standing Waves in Rubber Bands and Membranes", TPT, Vol. 42, April 2004, p. 239.
- Donald E. Hall and James Dearing, "Measuring Noise Exposure for a Drum Player", TPT, Vol. 21, # 2, Feb. 1983, p. 106.
- Thomas D. Rossing, "Acoustics of Percussion Instruments - Part II", TPT, Vol. 15, # 5, May 1977, p. 278.
- Thomas D. Rossing, "Acoustics of Percussion Instruments - Part I", TPT, Vol. 14, # 9, Dec. 1976, p. 546.
- Veronica P. Simonsen, Tathan Hale, Ingve Somonsen, "Eigenmodes of Fractal Drums: A Numerical Student Experiment", AJP, Vol. 92, #2, Feb. 2024, p. 115.
- Vern J. Ostdiek and Tom D. Brady, "Chladni Figures On a Tympani Head", AJP, Vol. 51, #5, May 1983, p. 474.
- A. Manzer, H. J. T. Smith, "Oscillations of a Circular Membrane", AJP, Vol. 40, # 1, Jan. 1972, p. 186.
- Alfred Leitner, "Vibrations of a Circular Membrane", AJP, Vol. 35, # 11, Nov. 1967, p. 1029.
- Andrew Morrison, Thomas D. Rossing, "The Extraordinary Sound of the Hang", Physics Today, March 2009, p. 66.
- Sir C. V. Ramin, "The Indian Musical Drums", Musical Acoustics, p. 179.
- Jearl Walker, "3.73, "Can You Hear the Shape of a Drum?", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 174.
- Jearl Walker, "3.11, Bullfrog Croaking", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 151.
- Neil. A. Downie, "Pneumatic Drum", Ink Sandwiches, Electric Worms and 37 Other experiments for Saturday Science, p. 57.
- Julius Sumner Miller, Q122 & A122, Millergrams II – Some More Enchanting Questions for Enquiring Minds, p. 15 & 79.